| Head of State |
| Nicholas II, Emperor | 1894-17 |
| Lev Borisovich Kamemev, President | 1917 |
| Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, President | 1917-19 |
| Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars |
| Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) | 1917-24 |
| Prime Minister |
| Ivan Longinovich Goremykin | 1914-16 |
| Boris Vladimirovich Sturmer | 1916 |
| Aleksandr Fyodorovich Trepov | 1916-17 |
| Prince Nikolai Golitsyn | 1917 |
| Prince Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov | 1917 |
| Alexandr Fedorovich Kerensky | 1917 |
| Foreign Minister |
| Sergyei Dmitrievich Sazonov | 1914-16 |
| Nikolai Nikolaevich Pokrovsky | 1916-17 |
| Pavel Nikolaevich Milyukov | 1917 |
| Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko | 1917 |
| Leon Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) | 1917-18 |
| Adolf Abramovich Joffe | 1918 |
| Karl Berngardovich Radek (Sobelsohn) | 1918 |
